Crisis and conflict are inevitable in capitalist economies Essay

‘Marx accepted that private enterprise was damned, and he built up a many-sided investigation of the ‘ law of motion’ of industrialist society to demonstrate it’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). At one level his contention had an ethical premise. He contended that the ‘inherent treacheries of free enterprise lead at last to social and monetary conditions, which can't be maintained’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). On another level his contention is sociological: ‘class struggle between a diminishing number of progressively rich business people and a developing and progressively hopeless regular workers will lead at last to a social revolution’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). To finish up his Final contention is financial, that ‘the gathering of capital in private hands makes conceivable monetary plenitude; yet collection likewise prompts despondencies, incessant joblessness and the monetary breakdown of capitalism’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). At each level the possibility of ‘conflict is underlined: struggle between perfect reality, among capital and work, and between stagnation’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). Out of contention comes change, and in this regard as indicated by Marx, free enterprise must offer path to another general public in which struggle is supplanted by moral, social, and monetary congruity. Besides, Marx contended that the emergency would become further and extreme longer as free enterprise created. Understudy no. Z3220293 Anyway Marx’s investigation of contention inside entrepreneur social orders was restricted by his hypothesis of the ‘laws of motion’. He contended that contention between classes made by an inconsistent conveyance of riches, and would at last lead to an impractical social circumstance provoking the death of the world industrialist framework. In this manner, he saw class strife as the lethal imperfection of free enterprise. Anyway his depreciators would contend that contention of some structure exists in every single human connection and along these lines has existed in all political and financial frameworks, reasoning that free enterprise tends to this innately human clash so as to stay away from emergency. In an industrialist society as indicated by Marx, the two incredible financial interests are those of an entrepreneur and laborer. These two classes stand restriction to one another, since the entrepreneur can thrive just if the laborer is misused. In this regard private enterprise is just the most recent in arrangement of social associations wherein one class exists to the detriment of another, expressed in the socialist proclamation. Marxists would additionally contend that people groups overwhelmed strategically or monetarily by incredible entrepreneur countries presently bear the weight of misuse, neediness and joblessness Anyway as a proof of Marx’s mistakes, his spoilers point to the rising expectations for everyday comforts of present day countries. ‘The common laborers has not been exposed to developing hopelessness, and worker's guilds have increased monetary and political force in all major industrialized countries’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). Also, the common laborers Understudy no. Z3220293 has shared the expanded riches, salary, and financial advantages that have been spread broadly all through every social class. Regardless of all the ‘concessions’ that have been made to the common laborers, for example, social government assistance enactment, association and higher expectations for everyday comforts Marxists battle that the ‘basic deformities of private enterprise remain, keeping down monetary development and deferring the rise of the bottomless society’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 50). By the by Marx’s forecast of the triumph of communism and the making of fair, populist, and nonexplotive society has not demonstrated precise. ‘Capitalism was put on edge by the ascent of socialist systems in Russia and China, and by the spread of communism through a large number of the less-created countries’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 60). In any case, in many occasions, these non-industrialist economies created tyrant political systems, new types of monetary and social imbalance, and new parts of misuse. Eventually Marx contended, as Fusfeld states ( 2002) the economy could accomplish across the board plenitude and produce enough for all, and by then in mankind's history all individuals could be totally free, both strategically and financially. Further increasingly Marxist financial matters recommended that private enterprise couldn't accomplish this Understudy no. Z3220293 objective, as it forestalled the full improvement of present day innovation and brought about intermittent stoppage of capital aggregation. In any case, it is apparent that under private enterprise innovation has prospered. All the more so private enterprise has given the push to new profitable businesses, as it is a kept on developing and change. Accordingly such an economy offers more open doors then a stale one. For instance China is the assembling center of the globe. Despite the fact that China has its underlying foundations in socialism it is still viewed as a very compelling industrialist society. Its urban areas are blasting. There are more structure cranes in china than in all the United States. China’s super-thruways are loaded up with present day vehicles. Its innovative work places are best in class. At the rate it’s developing, China will before long be the biggest economy on the planet. In these regards it is obvious to presume that under private enterprise economies have developed and profited, because of its gainful nature. Further more, in a Marx point of view, work under private enterprise is misused as it isn't paid the full estimation of the items and administrations it produces. ‘The industrialist utilizes laborers at the current compensation rate and works them for however many hours every day as would be prudent, ensuring that the estimation of the workers’ yield is more prominent than the pay paid’ (Fusfeld 2002, p 61). This distinction between the compensation and the worth included by the laborer, which Marx alludes to as ‘ surplus value’, turns into the industrialist benefit. Abuse of the laborer can be increased, and the ‘ overflow Understudy no. Z3220293 esteem appropriated by the industrialist can be expanded, by an employer’s endeavors to accomplish lower compensation, longer hours and a work of more noteworthy number of ladies and youngsters. Marx was right in certain regards, for instance creating nations at present are encountering high paces of abuse. Ladies and kids whom work in such exploitive situations in china for instance for less then a couple of dollars daily are reality in Marx’s hypothesis. All the more in this way, Marx study of private enterprise incorporated a gauge of its unavoidable separate. In certain occurrences free enterprise has filled in as an unsteady society, which has been choked with struggle and emergency. For instance the incredible discouragement and the 1987 downturn. In the two examples the economy had if not nearly hit base. In a Marxist view this could be closed as the downfall of private enterprise. Anyway his spoilers would contend that contention of some structure exists in all political and financial frameworks, reasoning that private enterprise tends to this inalienably human clash so as to stay away from emergency. Which in certain regards is valid. For instance on dark Monday of the October 1987 when a stock breakdown of exceptional size hacked twenty-five percent off the Dow Jones modern normal. The breakdown, bigger than that of 1929, was dealt with well by the economy and the financial exchange started to rapidly recuperate. All the more so during the incredible despondency certain techniques were embraced to manage the emergency. The ‘ new deal’ was the name given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt of projects between 1933-1938 with the objective alleviation, recuperation and change of the United States Understudy no. Z3220293 economy during the incredible melancholy. The ‘ new deal’ had three parts, direct help, monetary recuperation and money related change. In these regards one can watch the recuperation of entrepreneur economies and their capacity to keep on developing. To finish up it is clear that emergency and strife is unavoidable in private enterprise anyway such a financial framework can adjust and recoup from such clash. References understudy no. Z322093 Campbell, D 1996, the disappointment of Marxism-the idea of reversal in Marx’s scrutinize, Dartmouth Press, London Cohen, G A 1978, Karl Marx hypothesis of history, Oxford University Press, London Culter, A, Hindess, B, Hirst, P and Hussain, A 1977, marx’s ‘capital’ and free enterprise today, Routledge &Kegan Paul Ltd, London Fusfeld, D 2002, the age of the financial expert, 9edn, Addison Wesley Press, Harman, C 1995, how Marxism works, 5edn, Bookmarks Press, Sydney. Worsley, P 2002, Marx and Marxism, modified edn, Routledge Press, London

from Review and study guide

from Review and study control biomed Question Answer What are four principle tissue types and how does structure lead to work? How does the structure of epithelial tissue loan this type of tissue to its capacity? for what reason does muscle tissue have the capacity to do that other tissue types don't? What are the three kinds of muscle tissues? How do the structures and elements of the three kinds of tissues fluctuate? What kind of tissue is bone named? what essential capacity of this tissue type relates to bone? for what reason do you think the pelvis is frequently the principal bone criminological anthropologists look to in deciding sex from skeletal remains? The formative events you used to decide age halted at age 25. what are different hints a criminological anthropologist might have the option to use to decide age if the bones have a place with an individual over age 25? What is the distinction among subjective and quantitative information/proof? what reason does each type of information play in setting up character? what key bones would legal anthropologists use to set up a likely ethnic foundation? What skeletal highlights of this bone are critical to recognizing ethnicity? which kind of bone and what are the particular bones that are best for tallness/height assurance? for what reason is it best to have at least two bones for stature estimations? what is the structure and capacity of DNA? What factor(s) decide the speed by which DNA parts will travel through an electrophoresis gel? What are limitation catalysts and how are the names of limitation chemicals inferred? for what reason would it be critical to utilize more than one limitation protein when playing out a RFLP investigation? Regarding positive and negative shafts, depict the bearing DNA pieces would travel through an electrophoresis gel chamber and clarify why? Concerning the utilization of limitation catalysts, depict the terms tenaciously closures and gruff finishes. What is PCR?Define its job in DNA investigation? Quickly portray the three stages in the PCR procedure. what attributes of electrophoresis gels make them valuable in isolating parts of DNA? What are the two fundamental developments of the sensory system and what zones of the body make up these two regions? how do the two fundamental regions of the sensory system cooperate to control the body? what are the fundamental locales of the cerebrum and the capacities identifying with every district? what is the fundamental structure and capacity of the neuron? How do the various kinds of neurons cooperate to impart and get signs? portray directional pathways and sorts of neurons included. How are electrical signs crated and transmitted in the human body. portray the jobs of particles in making electrical motivations in the human body. what is a hormone? how to hormones connect with target cells? how do input circles help control the activity of hormones? clarify how the body diminishes blood glucose levels on the off chance that they are excessively high/excessively low? clarify how the body diminishes thyroid hormone levels on the off chance that they are excessively high? excessively low? how does a hormone awkwardness lead to sickness? give three explicit models. how is light engaged by the eye? how do the eye and mind cooperate to process what we see? how does the eye see profundity, shading and optical fantasies? What are the elements of the stomach related framework? how does the structure of every organ in the stomach related framework identify with its capacity? portray the primary elements of the human stomach related framework. list significant organs of the stomach related framework all together. close to each structure/organ, recognize its capacity as at least one of the accompanying: synthetically digest food, precisely digest food, ingest water and supplements, or potentially expel squanders. How do compounds help the procedure of assimilation? which catalysts digest starches, fats, and proteins? Distinguish the destinations along the stomach related tract that every macromolecule is separated. where is the vitality situated in the ATP particle? what is the condition for the breakdown of ATP and the arrival of vitality? portray alveoli and bronchioles.what occurs in these structures? for what reason are the vessels of the cardiovascular framework folded on different occasions over the bronchioles and alveoli? are there both blood vessel and venous vessels around every alveolar sac? utilize the standards of dissemination to clarify why oxygen particles in the tissues of the lung go into the blood, and afterward in different tissues the oxygen atoms leave the blood. what are the fundamental structures of the urinary framework? what is the capacity of every one of these structures? the bladder is made out of transitional epithelium, how does the structure of this tissue help with the capacity of the bladder? what are the principle structures of the kidney? what is the capacity of each structure? in which segments of area of the kidney is the pee shaped? what segment of the kidney gathers the pee? how does the pee move from the kidney out of the body? in which primary areas of the kidney are the glomerulus and the Bowmans case found? in which primary areas of the kidney are the gathering conduits and the circle of Henle found? clarify the procedure of filtration, re ingestion and emission. which bearing is the filtrate moving in each procedure? where does filtration, re ingestion and emission occur in the nephron? what is GFR? What is the motivation behind re ingestion in the nephron? in what course are substances moving during the procedure of discharge? clarify what these substances are and why they are discharged from the body.

Tips For Creating An Outline For A Research Paper

Tips For Creating An Outline For A Research PaperIn creating an outline for a research paper, there are many things to consider. Some of these things involve writing in a general and broad way rather than a narrower and more specific one. It is best to have a plan for what you want to say and not get ahead of yourself. This means that you should write from the beginning rather than from the end and any intervening points should be mentioned.The first thing to think about when creating an outline for a research paper is how many points you want to cover. For some this will be the number of pages, and for others it may be the number of sources. It is easier to have the points covered if they are done in sections rather than all at once. Writing an outline will help you stay on track and will make sure that you keep things manageable. Also, it will provide direction in the writing process, so that you know what is not acceptable.When creating an outline, you should make sure that the po ints you are covering are all logically connected to each other. It can be helpful to put each point in a paragraph; they should then be linked to the next paragraph in the order that they were written. You should not need to add extra paragraphs because each point you have covered will already be linked. When writing an outline, make sure that you add something for every point that you have covered.It is also very important to state your purpose for writing the paper. The purpose is important for several reasons. First, it will help you focus on the points you want to cover. Second, it will help you form ideas for points that you do not know where to start. It can also lead you to other points that you may have not thought of previously.The main point of writing an outline is to allow you to organize the information you have been collecting for your research. Having an outline will help you organize and clarify information so that you can concentrate on what is important. By writin g out your points before writing your research paper, you will be able to focus on the important and compelling points that you want to present.When creating an outline for a research paper, it is very important to make sure that you add specific points to those you are leaving out. Many times, people will omit important points, because they know that these are what they need. If you decide to omit these points, then you should include them in your outline.The next step in creating an outline is to write down the topics of your paper. You should take a look at the topics that you are going to cover and see if you have them covered. This will help you when it comes time to writing the rest of the paper.Writing an outline for a research paper is very important and can help you avoid many problems. There are many things that you can leave out of your paper, but you should write everything that you plan to do. By writing it out in writing, you will be able to understand it much better a nd by reviewing it later you will be able to see how well you wrote it.

How to Perform the Instant Fire Chemistry Demonstration

Heres a simple fire chemistry demonstration that produces instant fire without using matches or any other type of flame. Potassium chlorate and ordinary table sugar are combined. When a drop of sulfuric acid is added, a reaction is catalyzed which produces heat, an amazing bright/tall purple flame, and a lot of smoke. Instant Fire Materials Potassium chloratePowdered (confectioners) sugar or table sugar (sucrose)Sulfuric acidSmall glass jar or  test tube Procedure Mix  equal parts potassium chlorate and table sugar (sucrose) in a small glass jar or test tube. Choose a container you dont value, as the demonstration will probably cause it to shatter.Place the mixture in a fume hood and equip lab safety gear (which you should be wearing anyway). To initiate the reaction, carefully add a drop or two of sulfuric acid to the powdered mixture. The mixture will burst into a tall purple flame, accompanied by heat and a lot of smoke.How it works: potassium chlorate (KClO3) is a powerful oxidizer, used in matches and fireworks. Sucrose is an easy-to-oxidize energy source. When sulfuric acid is introduced, potassium chlorate decomposes to produce oxygen:2KClO3(s) heat — 2KCl(s) 3O2(g)The sugar burns in the presence of oxygen. The flame is purple from the heating of the potassium (similar to a flame test). Tips Perform this demonstration in a fume hood, as a considerable quantity of smoke will be produced. Alternatively, perform this demonstration outdoors.Granulated table sugar is preferable to powdered sugar which is, in turn, preferable to reagent grade sucrose. The powdered sugar is capable of smothering the fire, while the granules of the reagent-grade sucrose may be too large to support a ​good reaction.Follow proper safety precautions. Do not store the potassium chlorate and sugar mixture, as it can react spontaneously. Use care when removing the potassium chlorate from its container, to avoid sparking, which can ignite the container. Wear the usual protective gear when performing this reaction (goggles, lab coat, etc.).The Dancing Gummi Bear is a variation on this demonstration. Here, a small quantity of potassium chlorate is carefully heated in a large test tube, clamped to a ring stand over a flame, until it has melted. A Gummi Bear candy is added to the container, resultin g in a vigorous reaction. The bear dances amidst bright purple flames.

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1236 Words

Love is Poison Love. Many associate the word with kindly feelings towards others and generally positive thoughts. It is a word that we use to describe our emotions of affection, devotion, fondness, and friendship. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet centers around the epic, yet tragic, love of two adolescents. With Shakespeare’s use of figurative language and literary devices, he creates a central theme that love, no matter how strong or sweet, is poison. The term poison, although not commonly associated with love, is connected to the emotion by the use of symbolism throughout the play. By doing so, the reader reciprocates with a of sense of warning and a feeling of desperation to try and make love work. â€Å"Stay With Me† by vocal†¦show more content†¦In other words, the pitfalls of human passion. Romeo and Juliet is a prime example of people who were compelled by their emotions, to which brought about bloodshed. Romeo and Juliet also displays a connection of passion to actions whether they are sensible and positive, or rash and destructive. It is logical to understand how anger and hate can bring about negative consequences, but love is much less clear. â€Å"Love, in Romeo and Juliet, is a grand passion, and as such it is blinding; it can overwhelm a person as powerfully and completely as hate can† (â€Å"Love as a Cause of Violence†). To convey this and bestow certain feelings upon his readers, Shakespeare uses the technique of symbolism throughout Romeo and Juliet. Symbolism versus other literary device or just straightforward speech provides a more analytical way of interpreting text. Its function â€Å"gives a writer freedom to add double levels of meanings to his work: a literal one that is self-evident and the symbolic one whose meaning is far more profound than the literal one. The symbolism, therefore, gives universality to the characters and the themes of a piece of literature. Symbolism in literature evokes interest in re aders as they find an opportunity to get an insight of the writer’s mind on how he views the world and how he thinks of common objects and actions, having broader implications† (â€Å"Function of Symbolism†). This proves that symbolism helped Shakespeare

Essay on The Role Of Women in the Renaissance - 1645 Words

When one talks about the Renaissance, the most common topic is art and architecture. It is true that the Italian Renaissance was marked by some of the greatest and most prolific masters of painting, sculpture and building. It is also true that the era marked the emergence of a great deal more. It was a time of awakening from the intellectual darkness of the medieval order and the emergence of many of the concepts that would form the basis for civilization as it is known today. The era saw the birth of new attitudes concerning the role of man in his relationship to the world and to God. Unfortunately, for the most part, the expansion of the role of man did not include the role of women. Renaissance (from the French for†¦show more content†¦Throughout Italy, the social structure underwent a gradual social and political revolution beginning in the late twelfth century. The rapid growth of the towns was driven by local emigration, as individuals and families moved from th e countryside to take advantage of urban economic opportunity. The city of Florence roughly doubled in size during the century. ...the proportions of growth can be traced through the gradual appearance in the course of the century of new neighborhoods and churches (Lansing 38). In the fifteenth century the intellectual pursuit was turned toward the study of humanism, or the understanding of mans role in culture, politics and religion. There grew a belief in the innate dignity and worth of man as individuals and as separate from the animal in their ability to reason. Out of this new intellectual drive, the sciences grew. Personages such as Leonardo de Vinci and Michelangelo were able to make significant contributions in art and other areas, such as mathematics. Geometric relations, mathematical proportion, and the mysticism of numbers played an important part in how painters designed their pictures and architects their buildings. They made the underlying structure itself embo dy central ideas or themes (Osmond 23). The Renaissance embodied many aspects, including humanism, patronage, political thought, classical scholarship, historiography and religiousShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Women During The Renaissance And Enlightenment991 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the history of Europe, the role of women has drastically been altered. The Middle Ages saw peasant women working side by side with their husbands and taking care of their children at home. As time passed by, women were given an increased amount of rights, and then the cottage industry took over, providing thousands of women the opportunity to work as in the comfort of their home. 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Several authors who strongly demonstrated this reflection include William Shakespeare, Thomas Elyot, Christopher Marlowe, Walter Raleigh, and Christine de Pizan. They accomplished this by producing various literary works, such as Hamlet, â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,† â€Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd,à ¢â‚¬  Le Livre de laRead MoreEssay on A Feminist Perspective of William Shakespeare1506 Words   |  7 PagesA Feminist Perspective of Shakespeare   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although William Shakespeare reflects and at times supports the English Renaissance stereotypes of women and men and their various roles and responsibilities in society, he is also a writer who questions, challenges, and modifies those representations. His stories afford opportunities not only to understand Renaissance culture better but also to confront our own contemporary generalizations about gender, especially what it means to be female. In hisRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of1100 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of the Shrew, is an embodiment of the context in which the text was shaped, the Renaissance. The Renaissance period was a time of progression, primarily in the areas of art, science, humanism, religion and self-awareness. The Renaissance focused on taking elements of the past including religion, art and science and adapting them to make them better. Humanists advocated for the freedom of the individualsRead More Madonna vs. Eve A portrait of the Renaissance Woman827 Words   |  4 PagesMadonna vs. Eve A portrait of the Renaissance Woman The role of women has been portrayed through art since prehistoric times. Women have been a sign of hope, downfall, and power. This image of women was most powerful during the Renaissance. A cultural revival or rebirth occurred during the 15th and 16th century in Europe. The economic growth of the 14th century created a prosperous middle class. This allowed more of the mass to invest their income. Patronage of the arts soon became very fashionableRead MoreOn the other hand, Shakespeare also maintains the feminine ideal through the use of disguise. In700 Words   |  3 Pagesparamount, as the destruction of a women was seen as their undoing in a Renaissance society. Mary Rose discusses the idea of purity â€Å"For a woman, a public reputation was dishonourable, a sure sign of immorality and scandal†. In both cases, the characters have had an impact on society around them, particularly towards men, through the use of disguise and deception. Whilst Shakespeare presents authoritative roles within women, he also presents the contrasting roles of women, particularly in the charactersRead MoreElizabeth Woodville And Anne Boleyn1747 Words   |  7 PagesWomen throughout history rarely receive attention for more than superficial causes: their influence on style, manners, or less. However, many women found themselves contributing to the formation of postmodern constructs of marriage for love, partnership, and fidelity. Foremost among these, temporally and popularly, are the examples of Elizabeth Woodville and Anne Boleyn. Undoubtedly, these cases hold great significance to cultural studies of the temporal periods in which the English identify as participantsRead MoreChildbirth And The Italian Renaissance1741 Words   |  7 PagesChildbirth and Childbearing in Renaissance Italy for upper status woman, was far different than what childbearing is compared to today’s standards. In renaissance Italy it was said that wom an only had one purpose and that purpose was to have many legitimate babies, especially for the nobility and upper status couples. From having these babies, the family could inherit a lot of wealth (King, M. L., 2003). This differs greatly in todays society, as now woman’s primary function is not only to produceRead MoreFemale Humanists in Renaissance Italy Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesFemale Humanists in Renaissance Italy Arcangela Tarabotti like many young girls in Renaissance Italy had parents who could not afford a sufficient dowry to purchase their daughter a good marriage. In order to protect their honor and her virginity they sent Tarabotti away to a convent against her will. Here she lived out the rest of her unhappy life as a nun. What sets her apart from other girls of similar circumstance is that she became one of the few female humanist writers#. The story of Tarabotti

Essentials of Managed Health Care

Question: Describe about standardized nursing language system by NANDA, Benefits of standardized language and experience with healthcare information system. Answer: Introduction Healthcare information system s is one kind of system that can manage, capture, store and transmit health related information of patients or organizational process in the healthcare settings. Healthcare information system helps in decision-making through all the health system building blocks. It has significant role in health system policy development and implementation along with health research, governance, regulation, health education, training and financial purposes related to health care services (Padhy, Patra Satapathy, 2012). The healthcare information system usually serves for four major functions; these are health related data generation, compilation, analysis and synthesis as well as communication and use. The healthcare information system is associated with monitoring and evaluation by providing alerts and early warning capability, supporting and simulating health research, health facility management and communication needs (Oliveira Lopes et al., 2012). The healthcare in formation system also helps the service users to access their health related information and to understand implication of medical services. The main purpose of this assignment is to explore the healthcare information system usage and their use in its impact on health care delivery. Standardized nursing language system by NANDA NANDA is an organization of standardized nursing terminology. The organization was established in 1982. The main objective of this organizational system is to research, develop, disseminate and process the taxonomy and nomenclature of nursing diagnosis. The organization established a nursing nomenclature and classification system, which is able to develop a language, describing the nurses clinical judgment about a health condition (Gagnon et al., 2012). The system includes the development of a universal nursing language system through which nurses can undertake clinical judgment for nursing diagnosis, intervention and outcomes. This system helps in coordinating care within national and international settings. This classification system helps nurses to understand the importance of nursing diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis helps in the correct clinical judgment by the nurses and reduces misinterpretation (Wachter, 2012). Nursing diagnosis refer to the set of processes for gaining the de pth of information necessary for making an accurate nursing intervention plan. The definitions and classification in the system provides a standardized classification system for clinical judgment by the nurses. Standardization of nursing language is important for documenting nursing care services correctly. According to Barbarito et al., (2012) since the primitive period of nursing, there is a wide range of uni-specific terminology described within the nursing field. Thus, using common languages in nursing practices, which would be readily understood by all the nurses for describing nursing care. Based on the standardized language, a standard nursing nomenclature and classification has been established by NANDA. In the current structure or nursing diagnosis classes based on standardized languages, the classification is known as Taxonomy II, having three levels. Based on standardized languages, 13 domains have been classified in the system along with 47 classes (Herdman, 2011). The domains included health promotion, nutrition, activity/rest, elimination/exchange, self-perception, perception/cognition, role relationship, life principles, sexuality, coping/stress tolerance, comfort and growth/development, safety/protection (Juve Udina et al,. 2012). Benefits of standardized language Using standardized language system helps to improve communication among nurses and other health care providers It helps to increase visibility of nursing interventions The language system has significant contribution in improved patient care through enhanced data collection and evaluation of outcomes (Cardenas-Valladolid et a., 2012) Standardized languages enhances the adherence to of nursing practices to the standards of care It facilitates the assessment of nursing competency E-health records Electronic health record or EHR systematic software that collects and store patient or populations health information in a digital format. It is one of best-known example of healthcare information system. The system stores patients health information in such a way that information can be shared in different heath care setting; through enterprise-wide information systems. The system records include patients medical history, demographics, medication, allergies, laboratory test results, vital signs and symptoms indicting particular disease, radiology images, immunization status, required tests, personal statistics including age, weight, height, details of doctor and other medical professionals assigned to the patient, billing information, hospitalization information and other personal information that might be required for health care planning of the patient (Kongstvedt, 2012). There are more than 100 electronic health record systems used in various field within health care framework. Goals and objectives The system developer established this universal healthcare information system with some objectives. These include: Improvement of care quality, efficiency and safety Reduction of health disparities Quality and safety measurement Improvement of care coordination Engagement of patient and family in care plan Improvement of population and public health Privacy and protection of data from misuse Technical features Track care and outcomes records, for example prescriptions and blood pressure reports Digital formatting helps to use information and share over secure networks Send and receive reports, orders and results Trigger warnings and reminders Reduce the processing time of billing and enhance its accuracy Exchange of electronic information between organizations through technical and social framework In some systems, there is an option for automatic monitoring of clinical events. One such system is Louisiana public health information exchange, that links state wide public health with electronic medical records. As the electronic health records are created to share information with other health care facility providers including laboratory, medical imaging facilities, pharmacies, emergency facilities, specialists, school and workplaces; thus, it contains information of all clinicians related to patient care (Hsiao Hing, 2012). Implementation The implementation of electronic health record system involves six simple steps. Assessment of practice readiness Planning the approach Selection or upgradation to a certified EHR Conducting training and implementation of HER system Achievement of meaningful use Continuation of quality improvement Advantages The system provides accurate and complete patient information Coordinated and efficient care is provided by enabling quick access to patient records Sharing secure electronic records with patient and other clinicians improves patients outcomes by systematic approach It helps in promoting legible, complete documentation and accurate coding The system helps to enhance privacy and security of patient data The system reduce entire health care cost by reducing paperwork or duplication of testing, improving overall health and safety Use of this system helps to improve the quality of care delivery through improved care coordination within the team (Jamoom et al., 2012) It helps to meet business goals through the improvement of the health care service quality provided by the organization Experience with healthcare information system Healthcare information system has a significant contribution in health care system. The health care system has a positive impact upon the patients health outcomes along with the quality of health care delivery. Being a nurse, I have experienced benefits while experiencing healthcare information system in my workplace. I have noticed that I used to make more mistakes before using electronic health records for patients. However, as soon as I have started to maintain patients tracks through electronic health records in spite of using manual tracks, it helped me to reduce the rate of medication errors (Charles, Gabriel Furukawa, 2013). Medication error or any kind of misconduct can be offensive in the health care settings, as it can be life threatening for a patient. I have always tried to avoid any kind of errors in my work. However, due to huge pressure during my work, sometimes I used to misinterpret some services. However, e-health records helped me to manage patient-specific medica tions and other care services. On the other hand, it helped me to improve my time management skills in health care settings. In addition, as electronic health records helped me in managing the health care services in a systematic way, my productivity also improved significantly. Now, I can contribute more positively to the patients faster recovery. Efficient time management and enhanced productivity also have a positive impact upon my personal life through significant job satisfaction and elimination of nursing burnout. In addition, the electronic health records also helped in eliminating misunderstanding with other nurses during the change of shift time. I used to keep patients medical track manually and used to hand over those track to the nurse in the next shift, any kinds of misinterpretation or error promote wrong health care service delivery by the nurse in next shift. I have successfully eliminated these kinds of misconducts, after using electronic health records. One negative impact of the healthcare information system is that, it is making us more technical and reducing our ability to hard work. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that health information system has a significant impact on the improvement of health care service quality delivered to the service users. There are a number of applications of healthcare information system in health care settings. Two commonly used healthcare information systems have been demonstrated here along with the uses, benefits and unique features of these systems. In addition, the personal experience with the healthcare information system has also been demonstrated, as a registered nurse. Reference List Barbarito, F., Pinciroli, F., Mason, J., Marceglia, S., Mazzola, L., Bonacina, S. (2012). Implementing standards for the interoperability among healthcare providers in the public regionalized Healthcare Information System of the Lombardy Region.Journal of biomedical informatics,45(4), 736-745. Cardenas-Valladolid, J., Salinero-Fort, M. A., Gomez-Campelo, P., de Burgos-Lunar, C., Abanades-Herranz, J. C., Arnal-Selfa, R., Lopez-Andres, A. (2012). Effectiveness of standardized Nursing Care Plans in health outcomes in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a two-year prospective follow-up study.PloS one,7(8), e43870. Charles, D., Gabriel, M., Furukawa, M. F. (2013). Adoption of electronic health record systems among US non-federal acute care hospitals: 2008-2012.ONC data brief,9, 1-9. de Oliveira Lopes, M. V., da Silva, V. M., de Araujo, T. L. (2012). Methods for establishing the accuracy of clinical indicators in predicting nursing diagnoses.International Journal of Nursing Knowledge,23(3), 134-139. Gagnon, M. P., Desmartis, M., Labrecque, M., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Pluye, P., ... Lgar, F. (2012). Systematic review of factors influencing the adoption of information and communication technologies by healthcare professionals.Journal of medical systems,36(1), 241-277. Herdman, T. H. (Ed.). (2011).Nursing Diagnoses 2012-14: Definitions and Classification. John Wiley Sons. Hsiao, C. J., Hing, E. (2012).Use and Characteristics of Electronic Health Record Systems Among Office-Based Physician Practices, United States, 2001-2012(pp. 1-8). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Jamoom, E., Beatty, P., Bercovitz, A., Woodwell, D., Palso, K., Rechtsteiner, E. (2012). Physician adoption of electronic health record systems: United States, 2011.NCHS data brief,98(July). Juv Udina, M. E., Gonzalez Samartino, M., Matud Calvo, C. (2012). Mapping the diagnosis axis of an interface terminology to the NANDA International Taxonomy.ISRN nursing,2012. Kongstvedt, P. R. (2012).Essentials of managed health care. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Padhy, R. P., Patra, M. R., Satapathy, S. C. (2012). Design and implementation of a cloud based rural healthcare information system model.Univers J Appl Comput Sci Technol,2(1), 149-157. Wachter, R. M. (2012).Understanding patient safety. New York: McGraw Hill Medical.

Under the Sea free essay sample

Under the Sea University of Overpowering the lands is water. About 70 percent of the Earths surface is submerged in water. The Acorns are so massive, scientist have only had the opportunity to explore a significantly small portion of it. However, the small portion recorded has discovered over 2 million species of marine animals. That is not including the fractions of the animals that live in the unexplored oceans floors and surfaces (Science Daily, 2011). Besides the fact that there are many more wonders of the acorns to be discovered, the impacts that humans have had on the explored cesareans have been significant. Although humans are only 2 billion years old, two and half billion years younger than the world we have to manage to disrupt the essential balance we need to survive. In this essay I will discuss the characteristics of the ocean. I will explain how life depends on acorns. Some of the most recognizable species will be discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Under the Sea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cover topics of problematic aspects which influence the ocean. I will also discuss how technology has had an impact on the ocean. Lastly, I will include scientific measures that are being initiated to help preserve marine life ND actions we can take as individuals to help protect our beautiful and unique acorns. The Creation of Life Everyone would agree that the world was created over 4. 5 billion years ago. It is believed to nave sat rated to a dust particle. Humans were created only 2 billion years ago (HOME, 2009). The miracle of life began from a ball of fire. It was a cloud of dust particles. The atmosphere was thick with water vapor and full of carbon dioxide a dense furnace. After the earth cooled the water vapor condensed, it fell on in significant downpours. Because Earth is at the perfect angle from the sun, the Earth was enabled to conserve the water. Water kept by the earth cut channels and created rivers and acorns. These channels are equivalent to earth as veins are to a body. Life first sparked into place earths hot springs. Life form still exists within these. They are known as archer bacteria. All these bacteria feed off of the earths heat. The cyan bacteria (better known as green algae) have the ability to turn to the sun and capture energy directly from it. These bacteria are the ancestors to all plant species. They are hat caused the destiny of our planet to change. They are responsible for the transformation for our atmosphere. Carbon once poisoned their atmosphere and it is still around today. Deep beneath the Earths crust there is a sea inhabited by micro organisms that grew their shells by tapping into the carbon from the atmosphere and dissolved in the ocean. Now, mountains many of the worlds mountains are the remains of the accumulated shells of billions and billions of these micro organisms. Because of these organisms the carbon was drained from the atmosphere and other life forms were able to develop. Life altered the atmosphere. The suns energy was used to feed plants causing it to brake apart the water molecules and take the oxygen. And Just like that oxygen filled the air. (HOME, 2009). The earths water process is constantly being renewed. The waterfalls cause water vapor which cause clouds are then drained causing rain. The rain refills springs, rivers, seas, and acorns. When the temperature is Just right they cause glaciers. And the cycle goes on and on. The same amount of water always exists on Earth. Every successful species has drunk the same water. (HOME, 2009). The documentary HOME describes the engine of life as being linkage. Everything is linked and nothing is self sufficient. Water and air are inseparable united in life (2009). The algae that tint the oceans surfaces is responsible for creating 70% of the gas that is vital to our lungs. When algae and shells combine they create coral reefs. Although the coral makes up for less than one percent of the oceans floors, it is home to over one thousand species of fish, mollusks, and algae, the equilibrium of every ocean depends on it (HOME, 2009). Characteristics of the Ocean Some ocean floors can be as deep as thousands of feet. The deepest part of the ocean, known to man is called the Challenger Deep. It is found beneath the western and Pacific Ocean in the southern end of the Marina Trench and is 36, 200 feet deep. (NOAA, n. D. ). However, most of the ocean life is found within the first 200 meters of the oceans surface. Anything below that level does not reach sun light which is essential to feed through photosynthesis. Anything below this depth makes is almost impossible to survive because the lack of sun. Although most of the oceans lord are unexplored it is believe that are alike all around. However, the portion of the oceans surface, that the sun does reach, change dramatically from location to location. This is a result of the different characteristics that the sun causes. Temperatures, movement of the water, and the amount of salt are contributing factors that determine which animal can live in that habitat. Based on the habitats ocean characteristics vary. Superb solvent is one the most important characteristics of the acorns. As fresh water is deposited from rivers into the ocean, it rips of minerals off rocks making the ocean water salty. The temperatures of the oceans water vary based on the location of the water. The waters located near the equator are always warmer because they are closer to the sun. The waters located on the poles are cooler because they are furthest from the sun. The movements of the water are impacted by the actions of Mother Nature and humans. Windy days can cause the oceans water to act up and move any direction it would like. However, massive ships rocky shores, swimmers, and boats can interfere with the movement of the ocean, but very minimal. But the three most significant forces that create the different water movements are waves, currents and ocean tides. More beautiful characteristics of the ocean are the waves. Every clash of the waves becomes energy. When waves break across the shore they can be a source for the great mixing oceans water (geography for kids, n. D). The oceans currents are influenced by the temperature, salinity, and wind. These currents are responsible for the movement caused in the acorns. An even more important factor to the oceans movement are the tides which are caused by the gravity of the moon and sun. These tides cause the water levels to rise and fall. Most typically, the water levels are high for six hours and low for another six hours. How are humans influencing the ocean? As technology advances animals and habitats become more and more endangered. The growth of the population is a stresses the oceans CEO system. This is because many more are creating urban areas and destroying coastal areas. It seems that the bigger the city grows the more tourist it attracts. When visitors come and visit these lands they leave behind waste that endangers animals of any kind. When this waste tests the ocean birds and fish, both, mistake the garbage causing them in ingest plastics and other trashes that they are not able to digest. When their stomachs get full of these foreign objects they are held back from eating foods that are going to keep them alive. The importation of items in big vessels is also a contributing factor to ocean CEO systems. This is because the ways the large vessels operate requires them to intake large quantities of waters and are released at later times. Not being able to help the situation, when the boats take in the water they pick up animals that are native to the areas in which the boat took in the water, but when they are released they are most likely released into new habitats, where they are now aliens. These species can then be of harm to the species which are natives to the habitats in which they landed. Littering is one of the worst negative human impacts marine life has encountered. When humans litter it most likely ends up on the ocean. As a result of metropolitan cities and incorrect disposal of waste, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, there is now a toxic island, the size of Texas, that is composed of nothing but garbage and it is offered to as Island of Garbage. A huge misconception is that the worse type of spills is those of oil, however it is really the plastic trash that will float around for years. The affects of pollution and littering do not only hit animals, it also affects humans. A study in Japan shows that those many ladies who could not keep a full- term pregnancy and kept miscarrying were found to have high levels of a chemical used to produce a non-recyclable plastic. In a year Americans throw away over 100 billion polyethylene plastic bags (Youth, 2012). Now , the acorns hold 1 million ones, minimum of garbage (Youth, 2012). Americans, on a minimum, use a plastic bag for less than an hour till they go home and unload their groceries. After they dispose of this bag it is, soon, floating somewhere in the oceans surface where it will last 20 years. There is no innocent party in this dilemma. Not yawningly, but helplessly we have contributed to plastic in the ocean because it is our society, it is our way of life. Every product we buy is wrapped in something. Some measurements we can take are reducing the amounts of unnecessary items we use. Buy recyclable bags to go rocker shopping.

Free Essays on Escalating Oil Prices And The Global Economy

With the current rise in oil prices, many Americans have asked, â€Å"What is happening?† In order to fully understand the current situation and how it is affecting the global economy one must look at a variety of factors including: the history of oil crisis in the United States, causes of the current situation, and possible outcomes for the future. Many people are researching to come up with the best solution for this problem. The escalating price of oil has become more severe and is beginning to reflect oil crisis of the past. The current crude oil price spike began early in 1999 due to a variety of factors. Struggle in the Middle East along with minimal policy changes from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the U.S. Government has kept prices high to this very day. It is very important to understand the history of our Country’s oil situation before looking at the current oil situation. Through the years between 1970 and 2004, the price of oil has risen and fallen in often-drastic amounts. It is these price fluctuations in crude oil that has caused fuel prices to vary and the economy of the United States to be volatile. There have been several changes in oil prices that have occurred in the past twenty four years. These dramatic shifts are helpful to look at because of their impact upon the economy and the oil industry. During this time period there are many major shifts in oil price that can be linked to specific events in world history (Miller, 1998). First, the Arab oil embargo of 1973 caused a widespread oil crisis and brought crude oil from three dollars a barrel to a staggering twelve dollars a barrel. Second, the 1979 Iranian revolution caused another crisis that brought crude oil prices to an all time high of thirty-six dollars per barrel. The third major shift occurred in 1991 due to the Persian Gulf War (Miller, 199 8). The events of September 11th, the Iraq war and the manhunt for Osama Bin Laden... Free Essays on Escalating Oil Prices And The Global Economy Free Essays on Escalating Oil Prices And The Global Economy With the current rise in oil prices, many Americans have asked, â€Å"What is happening?† In order to fully understand the current situation and how it is affecting the global economy one must look at a variety of factors including: the history of oil crisis in the United States, causes of the current situation, and possible outcomes for the future. Many people are researching to come up with the best solution for this problem. The escalating price of oil has become more severe and is beginning to reflect oil crisis of the past. The current crude oil price spike began early in 1999 due to a variety of factors. Struggle in the Middle East along with minimal policy changes from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the U.S. Government has kept prices high to this very day. It is very important to understand the history of our Country’s oil situation before looking at the current oil situation. Through the years between 1970 and 2004, the price of oil has risen and fallen in often-drastic amounts. It is these price fluctuations in crude oil that has caused fuel prices to vary and the economy of the United States to be volatile. There have been several changes in oil prices that have occurred in the past twenty four years. These dramatic shifts are helpful to look at because of their impact upon the economy and the oil industry. During this time period there are many major shifts in oil price that can be linked to specific events in world history (Miller, 1998). First, the Arab oil embargo of 1973 caused a widespread oil crisis and brought crude oil from three dollars a barrel to a staggering twelve dollars a barrel. Second, the 1979 Iranian revolution caused another crisis that brought crude oil prices to an all time high of thirty-six dollars per barrel. The third major shift occurred in 1991 due to the Persian Gulf War (Miller, 199 8). The events of September 11th, the Iraq war and the manhunt for Osama Bin Laden...

How to be an effective team Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to be an effective team - Research Proposal Example a)For an adult learner, effective team work is crucial for learning and knowledge acquisition process. For this age group, team communication is one of the main elements which help the organization to create high performance teams and achieve further growth and development. In general, a learning team can be defined as a group of individuals working together to solve problems or accomplish tasks. It is the ever-changing collective feelings, hopes, problems and pains of the community. Rather than simply "tell" students that a certain situation or problem is interesting or important, researchers suggest that the teacher try to arouse their sense of curiosity (Bruner, 2007). Once aroused, it will carry the students through the planned course of study. Learners must get involved with whatever topic or problem they select and must learn its characteristics as well as the general skills of problem solving. In short, we learn by doing. The traditional, logical method of pedagogy presents a systematic, organized body of material. The psychological method links the subject to the learners life situation and then lets him or her work through it in initially chaotic form until a clearer understanding emerges (Dickson and Hargie, 2003). For an adult learner, learning teams are a powerful design option that hopes to meet the challenges of increased knowledge demands, improve output quality, and address the social needs of the ever-changing global workforce. However, the success or failure of work teams will depend largely on communication. Effective communication requires that HR practitioners adapt key assumptions about motivation, structure, and accountability. Adapted assumptions must support lateral thinking, collaboration, interdependence, a focus on process, permeable boundaries, and mutual responsibility. Learning teams are most effective when there is high task interdependence

The technology marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The technology marriage - Research Paper Example There are, however, drawbacks of this way of meeting, including those from religious perspective, which will be considered in this paper. Internet has become an overwhelming source of any kind of information and it is capable of satisfaction of any requirements of the users. It offers such a wide range of the topics covered, resources available, and the ways the certain data are searched that it is possible to obtain any kind of knowledge and perform certain activities, for example, online shopping, that it has become unnecessary to go outside. There has also been introduced such an unusual way of meeting marriage partners as online meeting, which is, obviously, an easy way for this purpose, but, as any other thing, it also has its strengths and weaknesses, from the religious point of view as well, which will be given below in this paper. The methods for researching the subject matter of this paper are investigation of the marriage websites and their characteristics, such as success, efficiency, references, and religious opinions about their activity. There are marriage websites designed especially for religious people. The first one is www.christianmingle.com which will be analyzed. As it is obvious from its name, the website is designed for the Christian singles to meet and state relations with the same Christian singles. As per the website’s presentation, the relationships that it helps to build are not limited to just a romance, but also facilitate and encourage marriage relations establishing according to the Bible and the Christian tradition. (www.christianmingle.com, 2015). The site provides ergonomic interface and provides a simple registration process; another benefit is creating a profile with the possibility to control how much information about oneself can be shared and who to interact with.

It is important to know right from wrong Essay Example for Free

It is important to know right from wrong Essay During this essay I am going to try to prove that it is important to know right form wrong. I am also going to explain how different cultures; backgrounds and circumstances can change peoples morals on right and wrong. An example of how people morals can changes due to circumstances is war. How is war different to murder? War can be defending the country you live in from being invaded and taken over. If your countries soldiers dont shoot the invading soldiers then you would either be dead or living somewhere everything about you is considered wrong just because of you nationality. However, war can be attack where your country is the one who is invading another. But either way, does the little man have a choice? The little man has to do what his leader tells him to avoid being named a traitor or being killed by the enemy. In my opinion war isnt murder. If both sides have weapons and neither side has a choice because if they dont shoot first then theyll end up dead. Its a no win situation. However, a person who commits murder can have a choice. Murders can happen due to jealous or revenge or even pure hate of the person. But the murderer has a choice or whether or not to take someone elses life. There is an exception in my opinion of somebody who is beaten up or constantly being injured by his or her spouse. Im not saying women who get beaten up or men who do because it can happen both ways. There is a point in some people where they snap and cant take any more and their hidden anger get released and they can murder someone in a moment of losing control. This does bring up the question Is suicide murder? and one which I cant answer myself for many reasons and therefore Im unable to give my opinion on it. Some people may consider self harm to be a sickness and that even thinking about suicide is murdering yourself. If the life is yours to take who decides if you take it or not? Other people, maybe those who have considered it themselves believe it can be a way of escaping a situation rather than fighting through it and even that considering it is just bringing them to a conclusion that nobody else has reached yet. Is murder right or wrong? Murder is wrong in circumstances and can be right in others, the same for suicide. It all depends on the point of view that somebody looks at it from. There are always going to be exceptions in murder and suicide so nobody can give a clear right or wrong answer. Another example of right and wrong is the black and white version. The law is in black and white and doesnt consider exceptions in many cases. The legal age of understanding the difference between right and wrong is ten years old in the United Kingdom. No child under the age of ten can be prosecuted and even those who are older are very rarely prosecuted as the CPS (Crown Prosecution Service) doesnt always agree to go ahead with the cases. Some cases do go through such as the case when Robert Thompson and Jon Venables murdered James Bulger. The CPS did agree with prosecuting them as they had taken a life and the chance of getting a conviction was realistic. The law has to be in black and white to ensure they treat everybody equally To know the difference between right and wrong you have to have substantial judgement to know when something you are doing is wrong. Growing up living in a location where burglary and violence are everyday occurrences can tilt the persons point of view on right and wrong. Circumstances can change the way their view is on different situations and the basic common sense that people have can cause the person to have different outlooks on different situations. This can cause their view of right and wrong to lead them to things they wouldnt do other wise and end up in prison for committing a crime that they didnt even know is wrong. Is it possible to unknowingly do something wrong? I believe that it is possible to do something wrong without realising it is wrong. It depends on common sense and the situation. In my opinion it is important to know the difference between right and wrong. If you dont then you can do things unknowingly that are wrong and kill somebody due to not understanding the consequences of your actions. This makes it important to know the difference and be able to judge a situation on whether its right or wrong yourself. Ethics and morals are part of everybodys opinions on whether something is right or wrong that means that your opinion has more influence on your actions and the way you treat other people than you realise. The problem with just saying it is wrong to murder or war is murder is that things arent that simple. The world isnt in black and white like the law, it is in colour and so many things and situations have an exception, which is why people have to understand the difference between right and wrong so they can be able to judge the world for themselves.

Allen Iversons Olympic Selection Essay -- essays research papers fc

Olympic Iverson April 2003 Word Count: 574 Allen Iverson has continued to plague us with the same thought during this 2002-03 Philadelphia 76ers season, â€Å"Why isn’t he under consideration to be an Olympian?† Iverson, seemingly a man on a mission, continues to show us why he should receive an invitation to participate on the 2004 U.S. Men’s Olympic Basketball team. Night in and night out he shows us why he is Allen Iverson, â€Å"The Answer.† Now Iverson can add another nickname to his acclaim, â€Å"Allen Iverson the Olympian.† With three games left in season Iverson finally got his wish. This past Thursday, Iverson, 27, was told he would receive an invitation to play. The team will be coached by the 76ers’ and Iverson’s head coach Larry Brown and the summer games will take place in Athens, Greece starting August 14, 2004. Upon after word of his invitation, Iverson said, "It's just a great feeling to be able to represent (the) USA. It's an honor and it's something that I will cherish for the rest of my life." Following a 25-point outburst that night in Philadelphia's 99-78 win over the Boston Celtics Iverson continued, "It has a lot to do with respect. Only the elite players represent their country." Iverson has consistently...

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards: Website Lesson Plans Edwina Schweitzer Grand Canyon University: EED 364 November 25, 2012 The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) is a council that has set in place standards that are to be followed and adhered to when creating mathematical lesson plans. These standards are national and require a lot of the teachers as far as what and how they teach math. While there are many choices of lesson plans that support the standards set by the NCTM regarding number sense and operations, only four will be used to fulfill the following criteria. . Four lesson plans were chosen to illustrate the support of the NCTM standards: A. Problem-solving: Math, episode 1, (Discovery Education, n. d. ) is a lesson plan that helps students understand the importance of numbers. In this lesson the objectives are to show the students the importance of numbers in math, and show examples of how they are used in everyday life. The stud ents start out by watching the video, Problem-solving: Math, episode 1, and then talking about all of the numbers that they see in the classroom, such as the numbers on a clock or how many paint brushes or windows there are.The students are then asked to imagine a world without numbers and give ideas of how things would be different. They are then asked to write down examples of how they have used numbers, such as dividing candy among friends, being first in line, or being measured at the doctor. They are then asked to share these examples with the class and post them as a reminder of the importance of numbers in their everyday lives. B.Activity 3: Exploring the effect of operations on decimals, (Illuminations, 2000-2012) is a lesson plan that gives students the opportunity to â€Å"explore the effects of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on decimal numbers. † This lesson provides a Maze Playing Board sheet that allows students to play a game while making th eir way through the maze. The object of the maze is to finish the maze with the highest decimal number. Examples of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimal numbers are shown on an overhead projector for the students to see as a visual aid.This activity requires the use of the calculator, which provides practice using a calculator while having fun with a maze. The students are then put into groups of three to discuss their results. C. I’ll halve s’more please!! (Jackson, n. d. ) is a lesson plan that uses fractions to solve riddles provided in a PBS episode of Cyberchase, entitled Zeus on the Loose. The students watch the episode and then use fractions to solve the riddles while learning the parts of the fractions and their importance in everyday life.There is a handout that is included with the lesson plan and a list of materials, including s’mores ingredients, large numbers and a bar of paper cut out for fractional use. D. Life is Full of Problems, (Young, n. d. ) is a lesson plan that helps students learn how to read, interpret, and devise a solution to math problems. This lesson requires the use of mental solving, paper and pencil, and calculator usage. The students learn to double check their answers for correct procedures and solutions. There are several ideas listed in this lesson plan that may fit into any diverse classroom.This is a lesson plan that is particularly good for encouraging mental solving of mathematic equations. While the mental solving is attempted first, they may check their mental answers by working the problem out on paper, then double checking themselves with the calculator. This incorporates three different means of problem solving, and not only teaches the importance of mental capabilities, it enables the students to finish with the use of calculators. 2. The methodology of number sense is used in each of the lesson plans in various ways. Problem-solving: Math, episode 1, (Discovery Educat ion, n. . ) includes a vocabulary list that the others do not. â€Å"Vocabulary is an integral part of developing the skills and concepts necessary to explain solutions to problems,† (Camelot Learning, n. d. ). All of the lessons use number importance and provide activities to enhance this importance. Even though some of these activities may not have vocabulary words to accompany the lesson, they could be incorporated into them. If the higher grades already know the vocabulary words for the lessons being taught, they could be a refresher so that the students did not forget them. 3.The activities that were included in these lesson plans include mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of decimals and fractions. Calculators are used in two of the activities, and the importance of the use of numbers is emphasized in all activities. Problem solving techniques are given as examples and the students are encouraged to improve on them through the completion of the activities. One lesson plan even includes a S’mores snack in the activity. Students would not only get to work with S’mores, but eat them afterwards! 4.These websites are appropriate for K-5th grade students, depending upon the lesson being taught and the extent to which the teacher would like to instruct it. All of the lesson plans are adaptable for students, but grades 3-6 seemed to be the best to benefit from them as they are listed. A couple of the lesson plans included variations that could be made simpler or more difficult, depending upon the grade and needed difficulty level. This variation in difficulty is also good for the differentiation of the students. 5. The lesson plans all provided ideas for differentiated instruction.These were also ideas that could be used for different grade levels, depending upon how in-depth the teacher wanted to go. Small groups were assigned to discuss the results of some of the activities. This could be hel pful with those students that have greater challenges and may struggle with their activities. Some of these activities could be made partner activities to help ELL students or those that may tend to be slower academically. 6. These lesson plans are important to the student’s understanding of mathematics because all of the lesson plans contained vital knowledge of the importance of numbers in everyday life.The students need to learn the components of these lessons to be successful at anything in life, as they are basic but important components. All of these lessons show the students how numbers surround them and that without numbers their world would not be the same at all. They constantly use numbers on a daily basis, right down to their phone number, address, age, size of clothes, and how tall they are. By providing the examples of this and then providing the opportunity for hands on activities to illustrate this importance, the students may be less likely to make the commen ts, â€Å"Why do I have to learn this? I will never use this! 7. The activities within the lesson plans could improve student achievement by providing the visual, hands on activities necessary for student understanding and growth. By allowing the students to participate in the activities and have fun, they will remember the concept being taught better because they have witnessed how important it is and have learned by the fun activities provided. The success of the students can be far greater when they are allowed to participate in hands on activities as opposed to simply being lectured on a particular concept. It is always easier to remember something when you had fun doing it.This principle is the same with lessons. The more opportunities for the students to do activities or games that pertain to the lesson, the better chance the students have to remember the concept being taught. This is only a success builder in academics. 8. Manipulatives were used in all of these lessons to s ome extent. The Problem-solving: Math, Episode 1 lesson plan could use a few more ideas for manipulative use. Where the students were asked to look around the classroom and find things that contained numbers, they could choose items from the classroom to total one to ten items.This could be done by counting out one book, two sheets of paper, three markers, four crayons, etc. Manipulatives may be changed or increased in any of the lesson plans, depending upon the teacher and how he/she chooses to provide them. The four lesson plans that were chosen and described all adhere to the standards set in place by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). Each lesson plan had the NCTM link or listed standards included in the body of the lesson plans. These standards are important for teachers to be aware of and use when creating lesson plans for mathematic instruction.By having these standards set in place and using them, all of the students will have the same emphasis and impor tance put on number sense and operations, regardless of grade level or school. Reference Camelot Learning. (n. d. ). Camelot learning math intervention curriculum. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http://www. camelotlearning. com/why-camelot/methodology. Discovery Education. (n. d. ). Problem-solving: Math, episode 1. Discovery education. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http://www. discoveryeducation. com/teachers/free-lesson-plans/problem-solving-math-episode-1. cfmIlluminations. (2000-2012). Activity 3: Exploring the effect of operations on decimals. Illuminations. Retrieved November 24, 2012 from http://illuminations. nctm. org/LessonDetail. aspx? id=L252. Jackson, C. (n. d. ). I’ll halve s’more please!! National teacher training institute. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http://www. thirteen. org/edonline/ntti/resources/lessons/m_half/index. html Young, K. (n. d. ). Life is full of problems. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http://www. learningpt. org/pdfs/mscLes sonPlans/young. pdf ———————– National Council of Teachers Page 2